What is Permaculture?
Permanent Culture, or Permaculture, was initially conceived as a self-sustaining agricultural method, where agricultural systems are designed to require minimal, or ideally, no external human intervention. In modern days this term has been extended to describe a holistic approach to designing self-sufficient and ecologically-balanced human settlements, which minimizes our dependence on industrial systems of production and distribution and promotes synergy and harmony among the different components of our immediate environment.
Permaculture aspires to establish an ecological balance within the system. A perfectly balanced system is one that does not require external modifications and relies completely on its own resources, where one product is used to feed another. For example, a very simple permaculture farm is one which uses its animal waste to feed its crops, which in turn are used to feed the animals. At the same time, just enough crops and animal products (such as meat, eggs, etc) are generated to feed the human community. Such a simple system can evolve over time and turn into a highly complex ecosystem of its own.
Permaculture relies on a set of a well-defined set of design principles:
- Underlying permaculture is observation and planning: before building a farm one needs to observe study and understand its natural components and how they relate to each other. One needs to consider the natural and artificial boundaries that define the system, as well as the natural resources that are available within it.
- Evaluating these parameters then leads to the design, implementation and long-term maintenance of the permaculture system. The design is a highly creative and innovative process that is really the key to the success of the system.
- Central themes in the design include the use of patterns, both natural (like a shape of a wave or spiral, common in nature) or patterns useful for a particular need (like a particular structure to minimize waste).
- Permaculture often makes use of layers, in order to create a harmonious and efficient use of space. For example, layering different sized plants on a single soil patch will optimize space usage and allow a diverse and complementary eco-system to emerge.
How can we create and benefit from permaculture? There are many resources, books, courses and online websites that teach individuals how to improve their household and home-farming based on permaculture methods. We can start from planting plants in a certain pattern, raising farm animals in a certain manner or collecting and recycling water for home use. There are many levels of practicing permaculture and everyone can benefit from its obvious advantages. And on top of it all, we get to preserve our environment and live harmoniously with our planet and its many ecosystems.






